混凝法在滇池蓝藻暴发期净水除藻的可行性研究

采用精制硫酸铝为混凝剂,L93^4正交法安排滇池蓝藻暴发期混凝沉降除藻除净水工艺实验。结果表明,混凝剂种类、水样pH值对蓝藻去除率有很大影响。研究确定了混凝剂除藻最佳操作条件,为混凝法去除蓝藻的工业化提供了理论和实际操作依据。     

兼性生化处理生活污水最佳工况研究

在常温条件下进行兼性生化处理生活污水试验,研究COD去除率与HRT、MLSS、进水有机物浓度和混合液水温的关系。在试验中最佳的水平搭配为MLSS=5500mg/L,进水有机物浓度=180mg/L,HRT=8h和混合液水温=20℃,与回归分析所得出MLSS=5881mg/L,进水有机物浓度=192.7mg/L,HRT=8.9063h和混合液水温=21.3790℃的最佳工艺条件相吻合。最后通过等高线分析得出常温下生活污水兼性生化的适宜范围。     

塔里木盆地水资源利用与绿洲演变及生态平衡

按塔里木盆地水资源开发利用的历史、现状及未来发展,其与绿洲演变和生态平衡的关系为:原始阶段---生态自然平衡,古绿洲分布在河流下游;初级阶段---生态平衡失调,旧绿洲移向山前平原;低效阶段---生态环境恶化,新绿洲多分布在旧绿洲外围;合理阶段---生态恢复改善,绿洲由外延转向内部挖潜;高效阶段---生态实现良性循环,绿洲面积稳定生产力显著提高。现塔里木盆地水资源利用仅为低效阶段,必须加速水利建设,尽快实现合理、高效利用,才能使生态环境得到改善。     

上海市大气颗粒物高浓度区污染物的源解析

应用受体模式的化学质量平衡法支９个监测点的大气颗粒物进行污染源的源解析，得出这９个监测点的各类污染源平均贡献率为建筑尘占３２．１％，土壤尘占２７．５％，钢铁尘占２４．９％，燃煤尘占１４．８％，汽车尘和燃油尘分别占０．２％和０．４％。     

区域水环境质量静态水量评价方法初步探讨

分析了现有的区域地表水环境质量综合评价方法的不足,提出了水环境质量与水资源量相结合的静态水量评价新方法,即根据各个监测断面水质和该断面所代表的水资源量,以某类别水质的各监测断面代表的水资源量之和占评价区域各类断面代表的水资源的总量百分比来表征评价区域整体水质状况。应用结果表明,本方法科学、合理、可行。     

循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的运行条件研究

研究了循环式活性污泥法中厌氧生物选择区的停留时间、进水有机物浓度和系统中泥龄、曝气时间等运行参数对选择区内厌氧释磷以及有机物的吸收贮存的影响。结果表明，选择区停留时间lh，系统泥龄5d，曝气2h，进水有机物浓度COD／TP=60--70，选择器中释磷效果及微生物的吸附性能最优，可去除进水中78％的COD。而且污泥沉降性能良好，试验运行过程中，SVI一直保持在30--40ml／g左右。     

Analysis and improving ways for water condition in winter wheat field of dryland in subhumid areas of the loess plateau

Based on the soil moisture data from the locating experiments from 1986-1990, and using the water balance method, the water supply and demand state in the field of winter wheat, and the ways for improving water condition in dryland of subhumid by dry area of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results suggested that a low precipitation satisfying ratio of 42.9%-58.8% appears in the growing period of winter wheat, and the yield, to a great extent depends on the water that was stored in deep soil layer in the previous rainy season. The filed trial results showed that tillage in the summer fallow period,straw cover, soil moisture regulation with adequate fertilization, crop rotation and proper croppingsystem could be the efficient ways for improving the water condition,and for the exploitation and utilization of natural water resources(both precipitation and soil water) in the winter wheat field of dryland.     

Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions of thermal hydrolysis pretreated swine manure: Process performance, microbial communities and energy balance

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH₄/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode.     

序批式反应器的水力停留时间的理论探讨

根据液龄分布函数是二元函数的观点．推导出了当进、出水流量是时间的函数时，反应器的水力停留时间的通用积分式和离散式；然后得出了序批式反应器(SBR）的水力停留时间(HRT)具体表达式，并分析了用现有方法计算其水力停留时间所产生的误差．结果表明，最大相对误差rmax仅与充水比λ有关．且呈正相关关系．取典型值λ=0．4时，rmax高达25％。     

应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查，辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进，本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间。依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据，分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征：高浓度值出现在交通区，季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节。